HomeMy WebLinkAboutEPA - preparing CCRJ
United States Office of Water EPA 816-R-99-002
�\ Environmental Protection 14606! March 1999
Agency
�=CEPA Preparing
Your Drinking Water
Consumer Confidence
Report
Guidance for water suppliers
Notice
This document provides guidance to water suppliers on EPA's current interpretation of
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. The guidance is designed to implement national policy
on these issues. The document does not, however, substitute for EPA's regulations; nor is it a
regulation itself. Thus, it cannot impose legally -binding requirements on EPA, states, or water
suppliers, and may not apply to a particular situation based upon its circumstances. EPA and
state decisionmakers retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ
from this guidance where appropriate. EPA may change this guidance in the future.
Contents
Introduction..................................................................1
I. What is a consumer confidence report? ......................................... 1
H. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report? ................................ 1
III. When must a water system distribute its report? .................................. 2
IV. What content is required in the report? ......................................... 2
Item 1: Water system information 3
Item 2: Source(s) of water 4
Item 3: Definitions 4
Item 4: Detected contaminants 5
Reporting on Cryptosporidium and radon .............................. 7
Reporting on additional monitoring .................................... 8
Item 5: Compliance with other drinking water regulations 9
Item 6: Educational information 9
Special requirements for Nitrate, Lead, Arsenic, and Trihalomethanes ....... 10
V. What should the report look like? ............................................ 11
VI. How must a water system distribute its report? ................................. 12
Appendix A- Regulated contaminants ............................................ 13
Unregulated contaminants 20
ICR microbial contaminants 20
ICR disinfection by-products 20
Appendix B -U.S. EPA's Minimum Detection Limits ................................. 21
Appendix C -Interpreting monitoring data .......................................... 23
Appendix D -Certification Form ................................................. 25
Appendix E -Examples of Consumer Confidence Reports ............................. 26
Introduction
This document is for water suppliers who
are preparing the new drinking water Consumer
Confidence Reports [40 CFR part 141 Subpart
O]. This guide explains all of the requirements
for report content, format, and distribution that
the U.S. EPA established in the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, published in the
FEDERAL REGISTER on August 19, 1998.
The rationale for consumer confidence
reports (CCRs) is that consumers have the right
to know what is in their drinking water and
where that water comes from. The reports will
help consumers to make informed choices that
affect the health of themselves and their fami-
lies. They also will encourage consumers to
consider the challenges of delivering safe drink-
ing water. Educated consumers are more likely
to help protect their drinking water sources and
to understand the true costs of safe drinking
water.
Water suppliers, states, and EPA are all
working to educate consumers about the
sources and quality of their drinking water, and
to increase their involvement in decisions about
it. EPA is revising its public notification re-
quirements to speed up notification of serious
health threats and simplify notification of other
violations. Systems and states are including
citizens in decisions regarding use of the drink-
ing water state revolving fund and in planning
source water assessment programs. Consumers
who are familiar with the basic drinking water
information in CCRs will be able to participate
more effectively in these processes.
I. What is a consumer confidence report?
In 1996, Congress amended the Safe Drink-
ing Water Act. It added a provision requiring
that all community water systems deliver to
their customers a brief annual water quality
report. CCRs summarize information that your
water system already collects to comply with
regulations. You will not need to engage in
any new monitoring just for the CCR.
The CCR includes information on your
source water, the levels of any detected contami-
nants, and compliance with drinking water
rules, plus some educational material. Most
reports will fit on a few sheets of paper. A
report that contains too much information or is
full of technical jargon can discourage consum-
ers from learning about their drinking water.
II. Who must prepare a consumer confidence report?
Every community water system that has at
least 15 service connections serving year round
residents must prepare and distribute a report.
These systems typically include cities, towns,
homeowners associations, and trailer parks.
A water wholesaler that sells water to an-
other water system must provide the retailer
with monitoring data and other information that
will enable the retailer to produce a CCR,
unless the two systems make a different con-
tractual agreement. Wholesalers are not respon-
1
sible for creating the report for the retailer, nor
are they responsible for providing data on
contaminants that the retailer monitors (such as
lead or trihalomethanes). Regardless of who
produces the report, the retail system is respon-
sible for ensuring that its customers receive a
report containing all required content.
In some cases, a retailer will contract with
the wholesaler to produce the report. There are
several options in this relationship. If the
retailer had no new data to add, it could simply
send out the wholesaler's CCR with a cover
letter explaining their relationship. If the re-
tailer did need to add data, it might choose to
reprint the wholesaler's CCR with a new ti-
tle/letterhead and extra data. Either of these is
acceptable.
III. When must a water system distribute its report?
You must deliver your first report to con-
sumers by October 19, 1999. The reports are
based on calendar -year data, so your first report
will include data collected between January -
December 1998. In 2000 and the years
following, your system must deliver its report to
consumers by July 1.
Wholesalers must deliver information to
their buyers by April 1999 (unless there is a
separate agreement), and annually thereafter. A
new community water system must deliver its
first report by July 1 of the year after its first
full calendar year in operation, and annually
thereafter.
IV. What content is required in the report?
This guidance describes EPA's require-
ments for a CCR and suggests (using the words
"we encourage," "should," and "may") - other
sections or explanations that will help your
customers understand the report. Your state's
CCR rule may require more information, so be
sure to check with your state drinking water
program.
basic Consumer Confidence Report requirements
(please read on for details and recommended enhancements)
water system information
• namelphone number of contact person
• information on public participation opportunities
• information for non-English speaking populations, if applicable
sources of water
• type, name, and location of water sources
• availability of source water assessment
• information on significant sources of contamination, if available
definitions: MCL, MCLG, others as needed
detected contaminants
• table summarizing data on detected regulated & unregulated contaminants
• known or likely source of each detected contaminant
• [for MCL violations] health effects language and explanation
• information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants, if applicable
compliance with other drinking water regulations
• explanation of violations, potential health effects, and steps taken to correct the
violations
• explanation of variance/exemption, if applicable
required educational information
• explanation of contaminants and their presence in drinking water
• warning for vulnerable populations about Cryptosporidium
• infnrmatinna) ctatpmPntc nn arcAnir nitratA anA 1a 1 if nnn veo
2
EPA encourages you to tailor the content of
your CCR to local conditions. If you think that
an added picture or graph would help your
customers to understand your report, add it. If
your customers would benefit from an explana-
tion of your need for new treatment facilities,
tell them. As long as any additional educational
information is consistent with, and not detract-
ing from, the purpose of the report, you may
add it. For example, the CCR rule does not
require a title for your report. However, you
should give your report a title to catch the cus-
tomer's attention. You may call the report a
"consumer confidence report," a "water quality
report," or choose another title.
Customers are most interested in a clear
statement of whether or not their drinking water
meets all EPA and state standards. Although it
is not required by the regulations, you will help
your customers if you tell them whether their
water met all drinking water standards. Be
cautious in using the word "safe" since water
that meets standards and is safe for most people
might not be safe for infants, chemotherapy
patients, or people with HIV/AIDS.
EXAMPLE -Last year, as in years past, your tap
water met all EPA and state drinking water health
standards. Local Water vigilantly safeguards its
water supplies and once again we are proud to
report that our system has never violated a maxi-
mum contaminant level or of any other water
quality standard. [or, if you had a violation,
begin with: Last year, we conducted more than _
tests for over 80 contaminants. We only detected
of those contaminants, and found only _ at a level
higher than EPA allows. As we told you at the time,
our water temporarily exceeded drinking water
standards. For more information, see the para-
graph marked Violation on the back.] This bro-
chure is a snapshot of last year's water quality.
Included are details about where your water comes
from, what it contains, and how it compares to EPA
and state standards. We are committed to provid-
ing you with information because informed custom-
ers are our best allies.
Item 1: Water system information
Identify the name of your system, and
provide the following information about it:
The name and telephone number of a person
at the water system who can answer ques-
tions about the report.
A list of known opportunities for public
participation in decisions that affect drink-
ing water quality (e.g., time and place of
regularly -scheduled water board or city/
county council meetings). If you do not
have regularly -scheduled meetings, tell
customers how to get information when
meetings are announced.
Systems that have a large proportion of non-
English speaking residents must include infor-
mation in the appropriate language expressing
the importance of the report or offering addi-
tional information in that language. The state
3
will make the final determination of which
systems need to include this information.
EXAMPLE -This report contains important infor-
mation about your drinking water. Translate it, or
speak with someone who understands it.
-Spanish—Este informe contiene informaci6n muy
importante sobre su agua beber. Traddzcalo 6 hable con
alguien que to entienda bien.
—Korean-
4F39F A3IC geFdN Snit +I�r+i d 44i� '11Zx ��>rlai 7C,4
ti1Ti. bl It {
-Chinese-
B =AT-_ I
lk At
-French-Ce rapport contient des informations
importantes sur votre eau potable. Traduisez-le ou parlez
en avec quelqu'un qui le comprend bien.
Item 2: Source(s) of water
Describe your water (ground water, surface
water, or a blend), and the commonly -used
name(s) (if such a name exists) and locations of
your water source(s). We encourage you to
provide a simple map of your system's sources.
Explaining your various interconnections
and back-up sources may be difficult, but it is
important that consumers understand that the
source of their water may vary during the year.
Remember to include in your table of detected
contaminants monitoring data for these "extra"
sources if you use water from them. If your
situation is complex, you may need to work
with someone from your state drinking water
program to decide what information belongs in
your report.
If a source water assessment has been
completed, tell customers where to get a copy.
If you have received your source water assess-
Item 3: Definitions
Every CCR must include definitions of key
terms that consumers will need to understand
the contaminant data. You must use the defini-
tions listed below.
• Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The
highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in
drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the
MCLGs as feasible using the best available
treatment technology.
• Maximum Contaminant Level Goal
(MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drink-
ing water below which there is no known or
expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a
margin of safety.
Include the following definitions only if
your report contains information on a detected
contaminant that is regulated by an action level
4
ment, include in the report a brief summary of
your source water's susceptibility to contamina-
tion based on the findings of the source water
assessment. The state should develop this
summary as part of the source water assessment
process and provide it to you, or you may write
it yourself.
If you do not have information from the
source water assessment, we encourage you to
include any other information about potential
sources of contamination that is readily avail-
able to you; for example, information contained
in a sanitary survey. This is your opportunity to
educate your customers about the impacts that
they and others have on the quality of their
source water. You may want to provide pollu-
tion prevention tips or information on local
watershed cleanup activities.
(e.g., lead) or a treatment technique (e.g., tur-
bidity):
• Treatment Technique: A required process
intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in
drinking water.
• Action Level: The concentration of a contami-
nant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or
other requirements which a water system must
follow.
Include the following definition only if your
water system operated under a variance or
exemption during the calendar year that the
report describes:
• Variances and Exemptions: State or EPA
permission not to meet an MCL or a treatment
technique under certain conditions.
Item 4: Detected contaminants
An essential part of the report is the table
that shows the highest level of each detected
contaminant (this is usually the value you report
to the state to determine compliance) and the
range of levels of that contaminant you found
during the year, if compliance is based on an
average of several samples.
A detected contaminant is any contaminant
detected at or above its minimum detection
limit (MDL). (See Appendix B) If you are
unsure of the MDL for a contaminant, and your
lab reports a value greater than zero, include
that in the report. Your state may have lower
MDLs that take precedence over EPA's. Do
not include in the table contaminants that are
not detected or are detected below the MDL. If
you sometimes distribute water from emergency
or back-up sources, you generally need to
include monitoring results from these sources in
the ranges of detections that you report in the
table, unless the source's contribution is
insignificant (e.g., one day per year).
The main table of detected contaminants
must contain o___y data about regulated contami-
nants (contaminants subject to a MCL, treat-
ment technique (TT), or action level (AL)), and
unregulated contaminants for which EPA or the
state requires monitoring under 40 CFR 141.40
or the Information Collection Rule (ICR). See
below for special instructions about Crypto-
sporidium and radon. You may make several
tables to separate regulated contaminants from
those that do not have MCLs, such as ICR
contaminants. You may want to organize your
table(s) by contaminant type (e.g., microbial,
inorganic) or sampling site (e.g., treatment
plant, distribution system). Report any addi-
tional monitoring data in another section of the
CCR, separated from the regulated contaminant
data. If you want to list all the contaminants
which you monitored but did not detect, you
must do so outside of the table of detected
contaminants. If you choose to report on sec-
ondary MCLS, or if your state requires this
reporting, do so outside of the main table.
To ensure that consumers can easily com-
pare detected contaminant levels to their MCLs,
your table must display the MCL for each
contaminant in units that express it as a number
greater than 1.0. Report the MCLG and level of
the detected contaminant in the same units as
the MCL. For example, atrazine is usually
reported in mg/l. It is easier for customers to
see that your water contains atrazine at a level
10 times lower than the MCL if you report the
MCL as 3 ppb and the detected level as 0.3 ppb
than if you were to report the MCL as 0.003
mg/l and the detected level as 0.0003 mg/l. In
this case, you convert by multiplying the de-
tected level and MCL by 1000. Appendix A
shows the conversion factor for each contami-
nant. When you round results to determine
compliance, round before multiplying the
results by the factor listed in Appendix A.
5
The CCR includes data from monitoring
completed during the past calendar year. How-
ever, if you have monitoring waivers, or for
another reason monitor less than once per year,
use your most recent data. For example, if you
monitor once every three years for lindane and
detect lindane in a sample, report the same
detection level each of the three years until you
take a new sample. If the report contains detec-
tion data that is not from the calendar year
indicated, the table must show the date of
monitoring and the report must contain a brief
statement explaining that the data presented is
from the most recent monitoring done in com-
pliance with regulations.
EXAMPLE—The state allows us to monitor for some
contaminants less than once per year because the
concentrations of these contaminants do not change
frequently. Some of our data, though representa-
tive, are more than one year old.
You do not need to report monitoring re-
sults that are more than five years old. Report
the results of Information Collection Rule
monitoring only for five years from the date of
the last sample or until the detected contami-
nant becomes regulated and subject to regular
monitoring, whichever comes first.
The table must contain, for each detected
contaminant:
(1) the MCL, expressed as a number greater
than 1.0 (see Appendix A). If the contami-
nant is regulated by a TT, put the letters
"TT" in place of the MCL. If the contami-
nant is regulated by an AL, specify the
applicable Action Level.
(2) the MCLG, expressed in the same units as
the MCL (see Appendix A).
(3) the level of that contaminant expressed in
the same units as the MCL and MCLG:
► if compliance is determined annually or less
frequently (many inorganic and chemical
contaminants), include the highest detected
level at any sampling point and the range of
detected levels, if applicable.
► if compliance is determined by a running
annual average of all the samples taken from a
sampling point (for example, chemical contami-
nants), include the highest average (as reported
to the state for compliance purposes) and the
range of detections. (See Appendix C)
► if compliance is determined by a running
annual average of all samples at all sampling
points (for example, TI Hlvis), include the
highest average and the range of detected
levels. (See Appendix C)
► for turbidity (when reported pursuant to 40
CFR 141.13—turbidity as a MCL for systems
that must install filtration but haven't), include
the highest monthly average.
R
► for turbidity (when reported pursuant to 40
CFR 141.71—turbidity as a TT for systems that
have met criteria for avoiding filtration), in-
clude the highest single measurement found in
any month. You should explain the reasons for
measuring turbidity.
EXAMPLE—Turbidity is a measure of the
cloudiness of the water. We monitor it because
it is a good indicator of water quality. High
turbidity can hinder the effectiveness of
disinfectants.
► for turbidity (when reported pursuant to 40
CFR 141.73 —turbidity as a TT for systems that
filter and use turbidity as an indicator of filtra-
tion performance), include the highest single
measurement and the lowest monthly percent-
age of samples meeting the turbidity limits
specified in 141.73 for the relevant filtration
technology. (See Appendix C) Beginning
with your 2003 report, report turbidity based
on the revised requirements in 141.173. You
should explain the reasons for measuring
turbidity.
EXAMPLE—Turbidity is a measure of the �1
cloudiness of the water. We monitor it because
it is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our
filtration system.
► for lead and/or copper, include the 90`''
percentile value from the most recent sampling
(if it is a number greater than zero) and the
number of sites that exceeded the action level.
Do not report related parametric data.
► for total coliforms (systems that collect
fewer than 40 samples per month), include the
highest number of positive samples collected
in any one month.
D. for total coliforms (systems that collect 40
or more samples per month), include the high-
est percentage of positive samples collected in
any one month.
for fecal coliforms and E. coli, include the
number of positive samples taken that year.
110' �
► If you detect beta particles in your water at or
below 50 pCi/l, you should report the detected
level in pCi/l. So that consumers may have a
standard against which to compare that detected
level, include "50*" in the MCL column (rather
than the actual MCL of 4 mrem/year) and
include a footnote to the table that says "*EPA
considers 50 pCi/l to be the level of concern for
beta particles." If you detect beta particles
above 50 pCi/l, you must determine the actual
radioactive constituents present in the water to
calculate the dose exposure level in mrem/ year,
and must report both the detected level and
MCL as mrem/year.
(4) the likely source of that contaminant, to the
best of your knowledge. If you have reli-
able information, the report should identify
a specific point source, such as "Al's chick-
en houses" or the "Super -shiny Paper Mill".
If you lack reliable information on the
specific source of a contaminant, include
one or more of the typical sources listed in
Appendix B that is most applicable to your
situation.
(5) for any contaminant detected in violation of
a MCL or a TT, or exceeding an AL, clearly
highlight in the table the violation or
exceedence. This indication could, for
example, take the form of a different color
type, a larger or bolder font, or a large star.
Near, but not in, the table, include an expla-
nation of the length of the violation/
exceedence, the potential adverse health
effects (from Appendix A), and actions you
took to address the violation/exceedence.
(6) If you've detected unregulated contaminants
for which state or federal rules require
monitoring (for example, the ICR or 40
CFR 141.40), except Cryptosporidium,
include the average of all of the year's
monitoring results and the range of detec-
tions. See Appendix A for a list of these
contaminants.
We encourage you to include more informa-
tion on the potential health effects of these
contaminants if the results may indicate a
health concern. We consider any detection
above a proposed MCL or health advisory
level to indicate concern. You can call the
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-
4791) for this information or find it on
EPA's web site at www.epa.gov/safewater/
hfacts.html. For these contaminants, EPA
recommends that the report contain an
explanation of the significance of the re-
sults, noting the existence of the health
advisory or proposed MCL.
You may wish to explain the reasons for
unregulated contaminant monitoring with a
statement like the following.
EXAMPLE—Unregulated contaminant moni-
toring helps EPA to determine where certain
contaminants occur and whether it needs to
regulate those contaminants.
Multiple distribution systems
If your system supplies water through two
or more distribution systems that use different
raw water sources and are not physically inter-
connected, you may want to include in the table
a separate column of detection data for each
service area. Describe the area that each distri-
bution system serves.
ReDortinng on Cryptosporidium and radon
If you monitored for Cryptosporidium
and/or radon and did not detect them, you do not
need to discuss the monitoring or the results in
your report.
7
If your system has performed monitoring
that indicates the presence of radon in its fin-
ished water, include in the report:
the results of monitoring (the analytical
values reported by the lab).
an explanation of the significance of the
results. Tell customers if they need to be
concerned by the information that the CCR
provides.
EXAMPLE --Radon is a radioactive gas that you
can't see, taste, or smell. It is found throughout
the U.S. Radon can move up through the ground
and into a home through cracks and holes in the
foundation. Radon can build up to high levels in
all types of homes. Radon can also get into in-
door air when released from tap water from show-
ering, washing dishes, and other household activi-
ties. Compared to radon entering the home
through soil, radon entering the home through
tap water will in most cases be a small source of
radon in indoor air. Radon is a known human
carcinogen. Breathing air containing radon can
lead to lung cancer. Drinking water containing
radon may also cause increased risk of stomach
cancer. If you are concerned about radon in your
home, test the air in your home. Testing is inex-
pensive and easy. Fix your home if the level of
radon in your air is 4 picocuries per liter of air
(pCYL) or higher. There are simple ways to fix a
radon problem that aren't too costly. For addi-
tional information, call your state radon program
or call EPA's Radon Hotline (800 -SOS -RADON).
If your system has performed monitoring that
indicates the presence of Cryptosporidium either
in its source water or its finished water, include
the following information in your report:
• a summary of the results of the monitoring.
You may choose whether or not to report
the actual analytical results as a part of this
summary.
an explanation of the significance of the
results. Tell customers if they need to be
concerned by the information that the CCR
provides.
EXAMPLE. Cryptosporidium is a microbial path-
ogen found in surface water throughout the U.S.
Although filtration removes cryptosporidium, the
most commonly -used filtration methods cannot
guarantee 100 percent removal. Our monitoring
indicates the presence of these organisms in our
source water andlor finished water. Current test
methods do not allow us to determine if the or-
ganisms are dead or if they are capable of caus-
ing disease. Ingestion of cryptosporidium may
cause cryptosporidiosis, an abdominal infection.
Symptoms of infection include nausea, diarrhea,
and abdominal cramps. Most healthy individuals
can overcome the disease within a few weeks.
However, immuno -compromised people are at
greater risk of developing life-threatening ill-
ness. We encourage immuno -compromised indi-
viduals to consult their doctor regarding appro-
priate precautions to take to avoid infection.
Cryptosporidium must be ingested to cause dis-
ease, and it may be spread through means other
than drinking water.
Reporting on additional monitoring
If your system has performed voluntary
monitoring that indicates the presence of non-
regulated contaminants in the finished water,
we strongly encourage you to report any results
that may indicate a health concern. Public
knowledge of potential problems is in the
interest of you and your customers. We con-
sider any detection above a proposed MCL or
health advisory level to indicate concern. Call
E:3
the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or visit EPA's
web site for this information. For these con-
taminants, EPA recommends that the report
contain:
• the results of monitoring
• an explanation of the significance of the
results, noting the existence of the health
advisory or proposed MCL.
�1
Item 5 • Compliance with other drinking water regulations
If your water system violated one of the
following rules during the year covered by the
report, your CCR must describe the violation(s).
Just as you must explain the potential health
effects of any MCL violation, you must provide
a clear and readily understandable explanation
of any other violation, potential adverse health
effects (if any), and the steps the system has
taken to correct the violation.
• Treatment techniques
(1) Filtration and disinfection (Surface
Water Treatment Rule requirements).
If the violation was a failure to install
adequate filtration or disinfection
equipment or processes, or there was
a failure of that equipment or process,
include the following language:
Inadequately treated water may contain
disease -causing organisms. These or-
ganisms include bacteria, viruses, and
parasites, which can cause symptoms
such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and
associated headaches.
(2) Lead and copper control requirements.
If the violation was a failure to meet
corrosion control treatment, source
water treatment, or lead service line
requirements, include the health ef-
fects language for lead or copper list-
ed in Appendix A.
Item 6• Educational information
Your CCR must prominently display the
following statements:
(1) Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information
about contaminants and potential health effects
can be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-4264791).
E
(3) Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin --If
you violate either treatment technique,
you must include the relevant health
effects language from Appendix A.
Monitoring and reporting of compliance
data. If your system failed to take the sam-
ple on time, the report should say "health
effects unknown". If your system took the
samples accurately and on-time, but mailed
the results late, you don't need to discuss
health effects.
• Record keeping requirements
• Special monitoring requirements
• Violation of a variance, an exemption, or an
administrative or judicial order
Variances and Exemptions
If your system operated under a variance or
exemption at any time during the year covered
by the report, include an explanation of the
variance or exemption, the date that it was
issued, why it was granted, when it is up for
renewal, and a status report on what the system
is doing to remedy the problem. Also, tell your
customers how they may participate in the
review of the variance or exemption.
(2) Some people may be more vulnerable to con-
taminants in drinking water than the general
population. Immuno -compromised persons
such as persons with cancer undergoing che-
motherapy, persons who have undergone organ
transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other
immune system disorders, some elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk from infec-
tions. These people should seek advice about
drinking water from their health care provid-
ers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate
means to lessen the risk of infection by Crypto-
sporidium and other microbial contaminants
are available from the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline(] -800-426-4791).
Your report must contain basic information
about drinking water contaminants. Use the
following language, or you may write your own
comparable language that better fits your spe-
cific local situation:
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams,
ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water
travels over the surface of the land or through the
ground, it dissolves naturally -occurring minerals
and in some cases, radioactive material, and can
pick up substances resulting from the presence of
animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water include:
• Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and
bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment
plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock opera-
tions, and wildlife.
• Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals,
which can be naturally -occurring or result from
urban stormwater runoff`, industrial or domestic
wastewater discharges, oil and gas production,
mining, or farming.
• Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from
a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban
stormwater runoff, and residential uses.
• Organic chemical contaminants, including
synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are
byproducts of industrial processes and petroleum
production, and can also come from gas stations,
urban stormwater runoff, , and septic systems.
• Radioactive contaminants, which can be
naturally -occurring or be the result of oil and gas
production and mining activities.
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to
drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the
amount of certain contaminants in water provided
by public water systems. Food and Drug Adminis-
tration regulations establish limitsfor contaminants
in bottled water which must provide the same
protection for public health.
Special requirements for Nitrate, Lead, Arsenic, and Trihalomethanes
If your water contains:
Nitrate above 5 ppm (50 % of the MCL),
but below 10 ppm (the MCL);
Arsenic above 25 ppb (50 % of the MCL),
but below 50 ppb (the MCL); and/or
Lead above 15 ppb (the Action Level) in
more than 5%, but fewer than 10%, of sites
sampled [if your system samples fewer than
20 sites and has even one sample above the
AL, you'll need to include the standard
explanation for an AL exceedence ],
you must include in your report the relevant
special educational statement listed below
about that contaminant.
Nitrate: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above
10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six
months of age. High nitrate levels in drinking
water can cause blue baby syndrome. Nitrate levels
may rise quickly for short periods of time because
of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are
caring for an infant, you should ask for advice from
your health care provider.
10
Arsenic: EPA is reviewing the drinking water
standard for arsenic because of special concerns
that it may not be stringent enough. Arsenic is a
naturally -occurring mineral known to cause cancer
in humans at high concentrations.
Lead: Infants and young children are typically
more vulnerable to lead in drinking water than the
general population. It is possible that lead levels at
your home may be higher than at other homes in the
community as a result of materials used in your
home's plumbing. If you are concerned about
elevated lead levels in your home's water, you may
wish to have your water tested and flush your tap
for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using tap water.
Additional information is available from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (8004264791).
If you believe that the language above is not
relevant to your situation, you may adjust the
language in consultation with your state.
11�
r1
Trihalomethanes
If your system has a running annual average
^ for trihalomethanes above 80 ppb (the new
MCL set by the Stage 1 Disinfectant/ Disinfec-
tion Byproducts Rule that is not in effect till
You are not limited to providing only the
required information in your report. You may
use the report to explain (or include a diagram
of) your treatment processes, source water
protection efforts, or the costs of your making
water safe to drink. You may include a state-
ment from the mayor or general manager. Or
you could educate your customers about water
2001) but below the current MCL of 100 ppb,
you must include the health effects statement
for TTHMs contained in Appendix C. You
should explain to your customers how you plan
to reduce this level.
conservation, taste and odor issues, affiliations
with programs such as the Partnership for Safe
Water, and so forth. You may want to provide
the address for EPA's drinking water web site
(www.eRa.gov/safewater/). The only limitation
on this information is that it must not interfere
with the educational purpose of the report.
V. What should the report look like?
You don't need a fancy computer or a
graphic designer to produce a CCR that is easy
to read and inviting to your customers. The
best way to design your report is to spend some
time looking at other reports. See what catches
your eye, and copy it. A few things to consider:
* Write short sentences. Keep your para-
graphs short, too.
* Don't make your text size too small. You
might want to squeeze a few extra sentences
in your report, but if you add too much,
people might ignore the entire report.
* Give a draft of your CCR to relatives or
friends who aren't drinking water experts
11
and ask them if it makes sense. Ask cus-
tomers for their comments when you pub-
lish the report.
* Don't distract from your main message with
graphics and/or pictures that don't comple-
ment your message.
* Be as simple and straight forward as possi-
ble: Avoid acronyms, initials, and jargon.
* Consider printing the report on recycled
paper and taking other steps to make the
report "environmentally friendly". If you
hope to get your customers involved in
protecting source water, set a good example
for them.
VI. How must a water system distribute its report?
You must mail or deliver a copy of your
consumer confidence report to each of your
customers, and make a good faith effort to get
reports to non -bill -paying consumers. Deliver
your fust report by October 19, 1999, and your
reports in years after that by July 1. You may
include the reports with water bills, if feasible,
or you may send the reports as separate mailers.
Keep your report on file for five years, and
make it available to the public upon request.
Send a copy to the director of the state
drinking water program when you mail it to
customers. Within three months of the report's
due date, submit to the state a certification (see
Appendix D) that you distributed the report, and
that its information is correct and consistent
with the compliance monitoring data previously
submitted to the State. Send a copy to any other
state agency that the state drinking water pro-
gram director identifies. We also encourage
you to send copies to state and local health
departments, as well as local TV and radio
stations and newspapers. Systems that serve
100,000 or more people must post their reports
on the Internet.
It is in your system's interest to spread the
word about the quality of its water. Since many
consumers of your water may not receive bills
(people such as apartment renters), you must
make serious and "good faith" efforts to reach
non -bill paying consumers. A "good faith"
effort means selecting the most appropriate
method(s) to reach those consumers from a
menu of options that your primacy agency
recommends. Those options include but are not
limited to:
posting the report on the Internet
mailing the report to all postal patrons
advertising the availability of the report in
newspapers, TV, and radio
12
• publishing the report in a local newspaper
• posting the report in public places such as
cafeterias of public buildings, libraries,
churches, and schools
• delivering multiple reports for distribution
by single -biller customers such as apartment
buildings or large private employers
• delivering the report to community organi-
zations
Your Governor (or Tribal leader or EPA
Regional Administrator in some cases) can
waive the mailing requirement for water sys-
tems that serve fewer that 10,000 people. You
may choose to mail the report even if the Gov-
ernor has issued a waiver. If you decide to use
the waiver, take the following steps:
• Publish the report in one or more local
newspapers
Inform customers, either by notification in
newspapers or by other means approved by
the State, that reports will not be mailed
Make the reports available upon request
If your system serves 500 or fewer people
and the Governor waives the mailing require-
ment for small systems, you do not have to
publish the report in the newspaper, though you
may want to do so. At least once a year, you
must notify customers through a mailed, deliv-
ered, or posted notice that the report is available
from your water system upon request.
Systems that serve 100,000 or more people
must post their reports on the Internet. EPA
encourages other systems to post their reports as
well. Many local governments have sites where
you could post your report, even if your system
itself does not have a site. EPA will make links
from its website (www.gRa.aov/safewater/) to
all the reports of which it is aware.
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APPENDIX C—INTERPRETING MONITORING DATA
* 1 sampling site/1 sampling date:
March 1998—.003
* multiple sampling sites/1 sampling date:
Barium
Feb 1998
well 1
0.60
well 2
0.46
well 3
n/d
* 1 sampling site/multiple sampling dates:
* multiple sampling sites/multiple sampling dates:
total trihalomethanes
1 ° quarter
2°d quarter
3'd quarter
4`" quarter
Atrazine
1998
1998
1998
1998
well 1
0.8
3.8
2.1
0.9
* multiple sampling sites/multiple sampling dates:
total trihalomethanes
2°d quarter
1997
3`d quarter
1997
4th quarter
1997
1° quarter
1998
2°d quarter
1998
3'd quarter
1998
O quarter
1998
site #1
-
-
-
45
60
125
70
site #2
-
-
-070
55
115
60
site #3
-
-
-
45
60
105
70
site #4
-
-
-
50
655
80
quarterly average
55
125
65
45
60
120
70
rolling annual average
-
-
-
73
04
73
74
Notes: — The last 3 quarters of the 1997 are shown because you need them to compute the rolling annual
average. The range would include only detection data from 1998, unless one of the values from the
previous year was so extraordinary that consumers would need it to understand the reported annual
average.
— If your rolling annual average exceeds 80 (the revised MCL effective in 2001), your report must
include the health effects language for TTHMs, even though your system was not technically in
violation yet.
23
* Lead:
\
site 1
site 2
site 3
site 4
site 5
site 6
site 7
site 8
site 9
site 10
July 1998
n/d
n/d
8
12
19
3
n/d
n/d
4
22
Notes: — If your system takes 20 or more samples and more than 5 % (but less than 10%) of the
samples are above the action level, you must include the educational language provided on
page 10.
Parametric data that you collect in association with this rule should not be included in the
report.
Turbidity:
When reporting turbidity as an indicator of filtration performance, systems must report the highest
single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the requirements specified for
that technology. In this situation, you may want to report the data in 2 rows of your table as follows:
24
i" 1
W
MCL
MCLG
level found
range
sample
datTT=5
violation
typical source
NTU
1 NTU
n/a
Turbidity
0
soil runoff
TT= percentage of
samples<0.5 NTU
96 %
n/a
24
i" 1
W
APPENDIX D—CERTIFICATION FORM (suggested format)
CWS name:
PWS I.D. no:
The community water system named above hereby confirms that its consumer confidence report has
been distributed to customers (and appropriate notices of availability have been given). Further, the
system certifies that the information contained in the report is correct and consistent with the
compliance monitoring data previously submitted to the primacy agency.
Certified by: Name
Title
Phone # Date
*** You are not required by EPA rules to report the following information, but you may want to
provide it to your state. Check all items that apply.
CCR was distributed by mail or other direct delivery. Specify other direct delivery methods:
"Good faith" efforts were used to reach non -bill paying consumers. Those efforts included
the following methods as recommended by the primacy agency:
posting the CCR on the Internet at www.
mailing the CCR to postal patrons within the service area. (attach zip codes used)
advertising availability of the CCR in news media (attach copy of announcement)
publication of CCR in local newspaper (attach copy)
posting the CCR in public places (attach a list of locations)
delivery of multiple copies to single bill addresses serving several persons such as:
apartments, businesses, and large private employers
delivery to community organizations (attach a list)
(for systems serving at least 100,000 persons) Posted CCR on a publicly -accessible Internet
site at the address: www.
Delivered CCR to other agencies as required by the primacy agency (attach a list)
25
APPENDIX E -EXAMPLES OF CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS
EPA is providing the following consumer confidence reports as examples of
report format. In providing these reports, EPA is not endorsing the views nor
judging the accuracy of the information contained in the reports. These examples
do not necessarily meet all current federal and state CCR requirements. Be sure
to check with your state drinking water program since your state may have
different requirements from those under which these reports were created.
The first report is a hypothetical example created by EPA.
The second report is provided courtesy of SERCO Labs, St Paul, MN.
The third report is provided courtesy of Des Moines Water Works, Des
Moines, IA.
26
CCR Example #1
Sampletown Water Quality Report - 1999
Last year, we conducted more than 500
tests for over 80 drinking water contaminants. We only
detected 7 contaminants, and found only atrazine at a
level higher than the state allows. As we told you in a
letter at the time, our water was temporarily unsafe. For
more information, see the paragraph on the back mark-
ed
arked Violation. This brochure is a snapshot of the
quality of the water that we provided last year. Included
are details about where your water comes from, what it
contains, and how it compares to Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and state standards. We are
committed to providing you with information because
informed customers are our best allies. For more
information about your water, call 867-5309 and ask for
Joe Sampson.
Some people may be more vulnerable to
contaminants in drinking water than the general
population. Immuno -compromised persons such as
persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons
who have undergone organ transplants, people with
HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some
elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from
infections. These people should seek advice about
drinking water from their health care providers.
EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen
the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other
microbial contaminants are available from the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Your water comes from three municipal
wells sunk about 500 feet into an underground source
of water called the Low Plain Aquifer. These wells are
located west of town behind the municipal garage. The
town owns the land around these wells and restricts any
activity that could contaminate them After the water
comes out of the wells, we treat it to remove several
contaminants and we also add disinfectant to protect
you against microbial contaminants. The state is
performing an assessment of our source water that it
complete by January2001. We will report the results to
you and tell you how to get a copy of the report when it
is available.
Our Water Board meets on the first Tuesday of
each month at 7:30 pm in the Town Hall. Please feel
free to participate in these meetings.
Drinking water, including bottled water,
may reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water
poses a health risk More information about
contaminants and potential health effects can be
obtained by calling the EPA's Safe Drinking Water
Hotline (800-426-4791).
The sources of drinking water (both tap water
and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds,
reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the
surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves
naturally -occurring minerals and, in some cases, radio-
active material, and can pick up substances resulting
from the presence of animals or from human activity.
Contaminants that may be present in source
water before we treat it include:
*Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria,
which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic
systems, agricultural livestock operations and wildlife.
*Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals,
which can be naturall),occurring or result from urban
stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater
discharges, ort and gas production, mining or farrning.
*Pesticides and herbicides, which may come f rom a
variety of sources such as agriculture and residential
uses.
*Radioactive contaminants, which are naturally
occurring -
*Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic
and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of
industrial processes and petroleum production, and can
also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff,
and septic systems.
In order to ensure that tap water is safe to
drink, EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amou-
nt of certain contaminants in water provided by public
water systems. We treat our water according to EPA's
regulations. Food and Drug Administration regulations
establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which
must provide the same protection for public health.
WATER QUALITY DATA
The table below lists all the drinking water contaminants that we detected during the 1998 calendar year.
The presence of these contaminants in the water does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk.
Unless otherwise noted, the data presented in this table is from testing done January 1 -December 31, 1998. The
state requires us to monitor for certain contaminants less than once per year because the concentrations of these
contaminants are not expected to vary significantly from year to year. Some of the data, though representative of
the water quality, is more than one year old.
Terms & abbreviations used below:
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there
is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.
* Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.
MCLS are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.
Action Level (AL): the concentration of a contaminant which, when exceeded, triggers treatment or other
requirements which a water system must follow.
* n/a: not applicable * nd: not detectable at testing limit * ppb: parts per billion or micrograms per liter * ppm:
parts per million or milligrams per liter * pCi/l: picocuries per liter (a measure of radiation)
inorganic Contaminants
Sampiatown
MCL
Range of Sample Violati0
Typical Source of Contaminant
"MCLG-water
detections -Date -'n
Fluoride (ppm)
2* 4 0.98
- water additive which promotes strong teeth
Nitrate as nitrogen (ppm)
10 10 6
nd-9 runoff from fertilizer use
organic Chemical Contaminants
w
Atrazine (ppb)
3 3 3.275
.1-10 *YES* runoff from herbicide used on row crops
Total Trihalomethanes
100 n/a 73
40-135 by-product of drinking water chlorination
(TTHMs) (ppb)
Beta/photon emitters (pCVi-)
SO— 0 10
erosion of natural deposits _
m..
Lead
AL MCLG Sam water wn
#of sites found above the AL
Lead (ppb)
15 0 0205
1 site above AL of 20 sites corrosion of household plumbing systems
Unregulated Contaminants
EPA regulations require us to monitor this
Chloromethane (ppb)
not regulated 0.07
May 1995 contaminant while EPA considers setting a limit on
it
* EPA's MCI. for fluoride is 4 ppm. However, our state has set a lower MC1, to better protect human health.
** The MCI., for beta particle is 4 mm-m/year. EPA considers 50
pCi/1 to be the level of concern for beta particles.
About our-Airazine violation: During March, April and May, a big surge in the use of atrazine -based herbicides by <
atea.farmers caused our -water to exceed the.MCL for atrazine. We sent.a notice warning you of this problem when u •
occurre& We.are.cvorking with the state and local farrners'to ensure that this neverhappens.again, and we'ate
monitoring atrazine levels monthly. ' We regret exposing you to any, potential' risk You should know.that some people
who drink water containing atraI=e.well in excess of the MCL over many years could experience problems with their
cardiovascular, system or reproductive difficulties. If you want more information about atrazine or the violation, please
callus (867-5309); Sample County's health department (423-4444), or the state drinking water office (853 -323 -3333). -
About Nitrate: Nitrate in drinking water at levels above 10 ppm is a health risk for infants of less than six months
of age. High nitrate levels in drinking water can cause blue baby -syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise quickly for short
periods of time because of rainfall or agricultural activity. If you are caring for an infant, you should ask for advice
from your health care provider.
Is our water system meeting other rules that govern our operations? The state and EPA require us to test our
water on a regular basis to ensure its safety. In February and May of this year, we took the samples at the required
time but failed to submit the results of this monitoring to the state in a timely manner. We are reviewing our
procedures to ensure that this paperwork will be submitted in a timely manner in the future.
/'\
CCR Example #2
lo1
/0"*1
(More about water...
Drinking water, including bottled water, may
reasonably be expected to contain at least small
amounts of some contaminants. The presence of
contaminants does not necessarily indicate that
water poses a health risk. More information about
contaminants and potential health cffec•ts can be
obtained by calling the Environmental Protection
Agency's Safe Drinking Water
Hotline (800-426-4791).
Champlin's mater supply comes from groundwater
wells. As water travels through the ground, it
dissolves naturally occurring minerals and can pick
up substances resulting from the presence of
animals or from human activity. 'These include:
• Viruses and bacteria, which may come from
sewage treatment plants, septic systems,
livestock, and wildlife.
• Salts and metals, which can be natural or may
result from storm runoff, wastewater discharges,
and farming.
P Organic chemicals, which originate from indus-
trial processes, petroleum production, gas
stations, storm runoff, and septic systems.
• Radioactive substances, which can be naturally
occurring.
To ensure safe Pin
EPA prescribes limits on
the,!, Z, stances in water provided by public
water systems.
Substances detected in the
'` Champlin Water Supply
_ -
I --N,
((Champlin Water Facts...
The Champlin VN'ater System provides safe and
aesthetically pleasing drinking water to its
residents as well as many businesses and visitors.
The supply comes from groundwater wells in the
Franconia, Ironton/Galcsvillc, and Mt. Simon
A(luifcrs. The first well was drilled in 1974 at
NVcthcrn Park. The system now includes 78 miles
of water main.
In its effort to supply you with the safest possible
product, the City of Champlin chlorinates the
water supply for disinfection of viruses and
bacteria. Fluoride is also added to enhance dental
protection. The levels of these two additives are
monitored daily to ensure proper dosages arc
being added.
Champlin utilizes an odd -even sprinkling
schedule to conserve water during the peak water
use summer season. According to Bob Mugaas of
the Minnesota Extension Service, University
of Minnesota:
• Water deeply and infrequently. One inch of
water per week is ideal.
• Over -watering wastes your -money and also
removes plant nutrients from the soil.
• Excess watering can cause disease problems in
your lawn:
Level
Substance MCL MCLG Detected
4
1.4
0
Fluoride (mg/l)
4
3.2
2000
40.190
I ihalomethanes
100
Arsenic
so
Barium (ugh)
2000
4
1.4
0
4.2
so
3.2
2000
40.190
Key: *Muimum Cattamirr+nt Level (ML 'l
CLire highest level of con-ni
:.•as...�..::-::
mimot Level Goal (MCLG): The level or a wurn,dmnt in tltirJcittg water
-ppb: parts per billiat of mireograrns per liter lug1l) •ppm: pans pet millic
Iron and Manganese
Iron is an abundant and widespread constituent of
rocks and Oils in Minnesota. At sufficient
concentrations, iron can adversely affect the taste
of water and beverages and can leave rust -colored
stains on laundry, plumbing fixtures, and
porcelain. Manganese, while less abundant than
iron, causes similar problems. can cause a bitter
metallic taste in water and leave visible black
"specks" in ice cubes. Manganese can also
produce staining and cause the water to have a
brown or black discoloration. 'Ib minimize the
effects of these minerals, the City of Champlin has
installed a treatment plant that will remove iron
and manganese.
More Questions?
j
Do you desire more information on the Champlin
Water System? Do you have questions about your _
drinking water? If so, you are invited to attend
City Council meetings on the first and third
Mondays of each month. There is an open forum
at each meeting where your questions and
concerns will be addressed. In addition, you may
contact the Water Department directly at the
telephone number below.
Typical Source of Substance
Additive which promotes strong teeth; trusion of natural
dcpusir discharge from fertilizers and aluminum factories
.5y -product of drinking water chlorination
Watural Deposits; smelters: glass; electronic
-waste: orchards
Discharge from petroleum refining. fire
retardant: ceramics. electronics: solder
inset drat is allowed in thinking w+tcr 0-Iaximum Gana -
r below which there is no lu ,"m or ccpected risk to health
Ott, or (nilligtat(r pet liver (NWP)
�1
11�
To comply with Safe Drinking I.Vater Act
amendments, the City of Champlin vvill be annually
issuing a report on monitoring performed on its
drinking water. The purpose of this report is to
advance consumers understanding of drinking water
and heighten awareness of the need to protect
precious water resources.
For the 1997 calendar year (1998 results will be
Published in 1999), no contaminants were detected
at levels that exceeded federal standards. Four
components were detected in trace amounts well
below Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Maxirnurn
Contaminant Level Goals set for public water
systems throughout the country. The table included
in this report lists the detected constituents. Their
presence doesn't necessarily indicate that water
poses a health risk.
Sonne people may be more vulnerable to substances
found in drinking water than the general population.
Immumo-compromised persons such as persons with
cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have
undergone organ transplants, people with HIVIAIDS
or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and
infants can be particularly at risk frorn infections.
These people should seek advice about drinking
water from their health care providers. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency/Center for Disease Control
guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of
infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial
contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking
Water Hotline (800-426-4791).
Fcr more Information Contact Champlin
Utility Superintendent 421-0154 j`
�nro
�� L
N CD
�
?rF
�3
w'a
al
CCR Example #3
11
A Closer
look At
Water
Qualfly
Our Commitment To You:
Safe. Reliable Drinking Water
ince 1919, water quality hos been
Des Moines Water Work's primary
commitment. We supply Des Moines
and the communities listed aoove with the
highest quality drinking water.
*Des Moines Water Works believes that
the best way to assure you that your drinking
water is safe and reliable is to provide you
with accurate facts. This Consumer Confi-
dence Report will explain where Mir water
comes from and the treatment process. The
chart contained in this report shows that all
contaminants detected in your water are
within Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
guidelines.
There are three sources of water fulfilling
the needs of Des Moines Water Works cus-
tomers. ApproAmatey two-thirds is supplied
by either the Raccoon or Des Moines Rivers.
The remaining one-third comes from the in-
filtration gallery system (shallow ground wo-
ter).
*Powdered activated carbon is fed into
the river water for removal of man-made
and natural organic chemicals. The water is
then pretreated to remove dirt and debris
and cornbined with water from the infiltro-
tion gallery system. The combined water
then flows into softening basins. The pH of
the water is adjusted before the final filtering
process. The water is passed through layers
of sand and various sizes of gravel to re-
move any remaining particles. Des Moines
Water Works activates its nitrate removal fo-
ciHy to remove this contaminant from your
water during periods of possible nitrate level
increases. After this final phase, fluoride is
added to aid in the prevention of tooth de -
Cay and chlorine is added as a disinfectant
to kill bacteria. The clean water is stored in a
clear well until pumped into the pipes of the
disMuhm system.
•Des Moines Water works laboratory and
water production staff collect and test water
samples from throughout the system several
times a day. These tests ensure that the
proper chemicol levels are maintained and
that the water remains free of unwonted
contaminants.
RIVER CHEMICAL
ADDITION DISTRIBUTION
FILTRATION
SEDIMENTATION
LIME SOFTENING
STORAGE
BASIN
CHLORINATION 6
FLUORIDATION
NITRATE
Des Moines and Raccoon River
Watersheds
I
atrasrwMQ soGQart=vrL Dawwmoar11 DlIwwAV=AGi
ALISWAD(IM) XNZTXCTIDLEYQ. DErZC2ZD&AMU
Total Coram Bacteria 5%
TSN I 0.5
Groan Alalia E=krdkig Urarium 115.0
Fkrodde 4.0
Nitrate (aa N) 110.0
sodkm WA
Total TRralomerxm 1100.0
rorpowcrd—)b0 eaoweo"
PosANe
<1%
positiveI
CONTAMMKAN=
<1%
POSVM
NTU
I 0.18
NFU
0.04
NN
PCU
11.0
PCN
I WA
mgA
IIgommu
1.1
m
rngA1.1
casmQCAm
mgt
mgn
9.7
mgt
4.5
mgt
44.0
mgt
16.0 16.0
mgt
ORQAMC COMAB@TANt1s
__
AW
I 43.0
mgA
I 37.0
po
OADD= SOORCmer
(OAGOAL) COM ANDD MT
I0 POstlive Anknol waste -
WA I Agriculture, Geology
WA I Geology
4.0 -WI
10.0 mgA I AgACUUe• Geology
WA Geology
WA Trealrner t Process
Metolocnbr 70• go 0.3 mgA WA I WA I
AgricuMve
MilAMC6 ACIIIMZL. � gA wct0
�yg..DerRCTIM (sAGOAL) c MOVIX"Ata
COPPER AND ISAD- Rese)sud at Tap
Copper 1.3 911 Lead I 15.0 AW I WA I rKle eoted I0.04 gA MAA Horne Water Pipes
•rieallf► AdA=yLewe! ••Act)m leve) - 90% Of sorrOw rrW be beibw ft lever.
NO= The EPA regt*es rtlOrlittotglg Of over 80 drinking water c mtaminants. Thome listed above are the
in Your drrc"V water- For 0 complete list. contact Des MoinesY� local water utility
Water Works Or only contaminants detected
. ,
> rrie CLMiM4 Giet�ilca< Vebata mes of � arfgin• scich as lead and capper.
mmft� Crosti utd (ISCL) =:The hlgt'lest leve! Of O'COI> OMbOnf slowed In drinking WOW. MC4s are Set _
as. COM to ft MCLGs as1 Laing Me best ovagabie freoft)e nt tectinclogy.
{
.
00" OMS) The level of omfr7m4-x nt in'oVY*ng wa/er bek>vlr which iflere As no
O w.n&n or eweatw fisk fb the lh:
>Atflereitloi�iealI - very srrldi orgarlisrM such as bacfeft algae pOWM and fu VI
NTU - Nephekxl'lefiic Turbidly UMf,• a rneasrse dpQ►Amfes M ft-- rrctle!
z1" Orpeits mmft - Nahady000LAWng or VW )eft A bdc rx:es conk**V rrldrl y carbon. hydrogert n oW,
arld agKJer1. 7Ms lnchrdw mostpaMcides arld kmto d &jemic ds.
pldocuries per lNer.
'=
'fYJI - mOCrOgrOrM per NArparts of corinarriNlant per blNkxl ports of water.
Wwi/i -ftxgrarns per Nfer, parts of contarnirmt per rr)N lon ports of water.
>Rsm vaaHas - c dairrirnUt m gMng off 4Onizvlg rari7/&k)a
i>e eft ?ee� -.A required process inf+ena(ed'fo reduce the level of a card rT*xr# in drkWV water.
2
r
r-%
Treatment and
Distribution Violations
We are pleosed to report Moi all water
u111mes Nsfed below had rho freofrnent or
aWrbullon vlol dbm In 4997.
CITY OF ANKENY
CITY OF CWE WATER DEPARTMENT
CITY OF CUMMING
DES MOINES WATER WORKS
JOHNSTON WATER DEPARTMENT
CITY OF NORWALK
CITY OF PLEASANT HILL
POLK COUMY RURAL WATER DISTRICT # 1
SOUTHEAST POLK RURAL WATER DISTRICT
URBANDALE WATER DEPARTMENT
WARREN WATER DISTRICT
CITY OF WAUKEE
WEST DES MOINES WATER WORKS
CITY OF WINDSOR HEIGHTS
XENIA RURAL WATER DISTRICT
,r,Or1-..'
treated water may
iessen the dsk d infection by crvptosporid-
un and other rnlcrabial contaminonts are
ovaillable from the Safe Drinking Water Hot-
line.
Nitrate In drinking water at levels
above 10 mgA Is a health risk for infants of
less than six rrronitns of age. High rfhate
[kriV • to • spor • id' • e «ufm]
Cryptosporidium Is a
rticroscoplc orgardsrn
found In *Ays and
streams that can
cause diosrhea. fever
and gastrointestinal
symptoms if Ingested.
It finds its way Into the
watershed through
animal wastes. Cryptosporidium is effec-
ttvey eliminated by a treatrr>ent process
that includes filtration. secimentation and
disinfection.
Infour
Years of test- CryTog far cryp-
Yato
tosporidium,
it has NEVER
been found
in your dtikk-
Ing water.
systems disorders,
_ �:-sorne elderly. and
infants can be
particuiorly at risk
from infections.
should seek ad-
vice about drtnk-
Ing water from
their health care
Droviders. EPA /
leveis in drinking wafer can cause blue
baby syndrome. Nitrate levels may rise
quickly for short periods of time due to
rainfall or agricultural activity. Des Moines
Water works has a nitrate removal facility to
remove these nitrates from your drinking
water. During periods of possible nitrate
w%ei increasesthe levels are monitored
dally. If you are caring for an infant, you
should consult with your health core
provider.
In order to ensure that tap water Is
safe to drink, EPA prescribes regulations,
which limit the amount of certain contami-
nonts in water provided by pubic water
systems. FOA mgJallons establish limits for
contaminants n bottled water that must
provide the some protection for public
health. Any battled water that is labeled
'drinking waW has to meet EPA's drinking
water regulations. D rjaV water, including
bottled water, may reasonably be ex-
pected to contain at least smog amounts
of some cantarrnlnonts. The presence of
contaminants does not necessariv Indicate
that water poses a health risk.
More Information about contami-
nants and potential health effects can be
obtained by ding the En iorYnental Pro-
tection AgerWs (EPA) Safe Driving Water
Holine.
Safe Drinking
Water Hotline
1-800-426-4791
wwwepa.gov/OGWDW
3
Fellow a droV 01watae tlhewe 611 "M !'"
f ron the Ancem e o River to Few bomet
Mt' N ODi 10 :1' '
1. Water in rivers or lakes may look when it is not.
dean muddy duty
2. People Work all day and all night in the
water heatment pont school It"
3. Germs can make us very
healthy sick smart
4. Water treatment plants clean OLY
AMlefW Ctly COWa
1st and 3rd Monday a each rrlornh
410 West 1st Skeet • AnkerW,I& 50021
CLINE
C)Iwe atvCounci
1st. 3rd and Idd lrxfrsday of each math
1900 NW 114th St. • Cive, IA 50325
CLUMING
Curnrnelg civ Co ncl
2nd ofd Ch MonWV e0ch moMh
civ Hai • Cumming. W 50061
DES MODS
800rd of Water Wake Tnelees
Des Moines Water Works
4th Tuesday eoch rronth
2201 vaiey Detre • Des MoIrm W 50321
JCHNSfON
JOhnston Civ Courlcl
Meets tante mord* - cof for irlimnotion
City Hai • JOrnsion, U150131
NORWAtK
NOMM Ciy COu1Cl
1st ant 3rd Thund w of each monk
PLEASANT FILL
Peasant Fill Civ COuncl
2nd old 4111 Tuesday of eOCh month
Pleasant FBI CW Cou1Ci ChOMd=
5151 tulopie DMe • pwxorn HI. W 50317
4
POLK COUNTY RURAL WATER DISIRIM # 1
AMX31 Meeting in Jontfoy each Year
Cal for intomlaw
SOUK AST POLK RURAL WAR DISIRIC17
Water Board
3rd Wednesday of each n'wMh
URBAND,ALE
UlborKlaie Wader BO01d
Mee1S mormly
Cal 278.3940 for Worm Am
3720 86th Skeet • Ufb0ndole. K 50322
WARREN WATER
Board of Directors
3rd Moncim eoch nvxm - 7:30 Pm.
DMOct aniot meeting in March
WALK
Waukee coy Coulcl
1 st ald 3rd Mondav each morml
WEST DES MOLES
Board of Water works Tfsfstees
2nd MondOy each Month - 4:30 p.m.
A.C. WOrd Municipal Water TMd ffWt P)an
1505 Ralrood • West Des Mopes, W 50265
W94DSOR iflCM
Wftld= HEBghfs Cay COu7C1
1 st and 3rd Monday e0ch month
Windsor He" City Hol
XENIA
Boord of DkeCtos
Thlssday of 39d ftA week Of eOCh rnorlth
119 south Mair? • Woodward. a 50276
Fon ADDrrcoltlrAL bffU MATION.. .
For more infofrrlation on the Consumer
Confidence Report or water quatlty, please
contact your water unity:
• aydArANy.CusbrnetSerwee
410 ww 1$1 g0VL A "MW. IMM =MI
Phew: (515) 2838700 • For. (5151283.8727
• CNd CM Vyalar DepOtV'nMe: HblO woks DYecfa
9289 Swanton &v6.. CWe. bw0 50325
Phare: (515) 2236231 • Fac (515) 223-6013
• Cly Of OUMRetp: Kotft IkPgWkX0
P.O. Box 100. Curmw+p. bw0 50061
Phone: (5151981-9214
• Des thews WOW Cuslorm SeMce
2201 VMV Cave. Des Mosws. xrwu 50321
Phone: (515) 2838700 • Fac (515128"727
Rned: %VbW*09'4P*rWW.eom
• JoletO x Wider DepaeroV. Vkyoe E. RM
P.O. Box 410. Jolrxlon, k wo 501 31-017 0
Plane: (515) 278.2344 - Fac 1515) 278.2033
- Cyd NOrwdc Dean YOKE
705 Nom Avenue, Nwwok Iwo 50211
Peorw: (313) 981-0228 • Fac (515) 981 0933
• Clyd Pkolst l : G0V PORerPon
5151 MOP* D". PWa=V Ne, lowo 50317
nxxw: (515) 262.9368 • Pao: (515) 262-9570
• Pak Cou* Res V*ft OWN& 01: Franck E. Schlueter
6666 MN 511 Fkeet. Des Mor*L Iwo 50313
Phom: (5151289-1877
E-rol: lesdtkseta®wor h2 W.0 n.lwt
• SoLROWPok RuedVACOM DWI t 9*10V J. Box
6560 i* 12WL Alloonm o o 501314410
P1arw: (5151262.8581 • FCC (515) 262.4536
• IA'ba - wom Dep0enent Rtt=d Feat
3720 86e1 Skeet. Utlandde. IawO 50322
Plane: 151512783940 • Fac (5) 5) 27&3944
•
Wow n Wder DhAW Peppy CKbbs. 90*M Ma0991
1204 ECC 2nd Avenue. IndQala lows 80125
PIoe, 15151962.12DO•Fac(515) 962.9328
• CW Ct VAM*W Jdn R. Gbson
1205 6t1 Skeet. wou kee. bwo 50263
Pno w: (515) 987-4363 • Fac 15151987.3979
Enid: gbK0orr®Od.00m
• WMt On Moan VIGM VYbOs Cus omen Service
P.O. Box 65610. wo Des Mt7lrws. wet 50265
F! a e: (5151222.3460 • FOrc 45151222.337e
• Cyd VIAxb0H@I0 CuOWW WACO
1133 66e1 Skeet vonma H9v Iwo 50311
Pn0w:151512838700 • For (51512838727
• )rarb Rtes Woo CW** Doe Wain
119 SOun Main. P.O. Box 459. Woodward, Iwo SW6
Ftrorw: (5151438.2944 • Foc (516) 438.4352
oil
/ `,